A prime lens is a fixed focal length lens that doesn't let you zoom in or out. This focal length is the distance between the point of convergence in the lens to the sensor in your camera. Prime lenses have very wide or large apertures. Apertures measure the size of hole when the lens opens inside a camera.
Wide aperture settings in a prime lens serve a dual purpose, and can really enhance the quality of your images.
Read more about how aperture works if you need a refresher. But otherwise you know that a wide aperture, (or low f/stop number), creates a shallow depth of field. Meaning there is a narrower range of focus in the image. The background is blurred and out of focus, while only the subject remains in focus. This blurred background allows the subject to stand out, creating some incredible looking stills.
Another benefit of the wide maximum apertures on prime lenses is the amount of light that can get it. A wider aperture lets in more light, which is ideal for low-light situations.
When there are fewer focal lengths to account for, there is less distortion or aberration. It is much simpler to create sharper, better quality images. Zoom lenses on the other hand, are designed for multiple focal lengths. While zoom lenses allow more options, there will always be some trade-offs in performance, size, and even price.
Again, because there is less distortion, and overall better image quality, you typically get more for your money when it comes time to purchase. You can take a look at some prime vs zoom lens’ prices in this purchasing guide.
The less mechanics inside the lens, the lighter the lens, which makes it incredibly beneficial when traveling. Even if you do have to bring two lenses of different focal lengths with you, they’re generally both lighter than one zoom lens. It really depends on what you’re looking to get out of your shots.
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